Frugiferous & Frugal

Short, sweet, to the point: Frugiferous comes directly from Latin, and is defined by the OED as "fruit bearing, fruitful." Broken into its components, the word's definition is painfully obvious: frugi-, frux fruit -fer bearing (with the -ous suffix with which we are all so familiar).

Frugal, however, while consisting of the same frugi-, frux stem is defined as quite the opposite: "Careful or sparing in the use of food, goods (OED)."

The utility of saving 'fruit' when its availability was unreliable in turn resulted in the need for "careful or sparing use" (maybe).